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December 1905

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December 4, 1905: Unpopular British Prime Minister Balfour resigns, replaced by Campbell-Bannerman
December 16, 1905: Wales defeats New Zealand, 3 to 0, in rugby union's "Match of the Century"

The following events occurred in December 1905:

December 1, 1905 (Friday)

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December 2, 1905 (Saturday)

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December 3, 1905 (Sunday)

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December 4, 1905 (Monday)

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  • Arthur Balfour, the unpopular Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, resigned along with his entire cabinet resigned in hopes that their Conservative Party could retain their majority in the scheduled January 12 parliamentary elections.[15] Balfour would not only see the Conservative Party lose 246 of their 402 seats in the House of Commons, he would lose his own seat in Parliament as well.[16]
  • The 59th U.S. Congress opened its first session. The Republican Party, which had a 251 to 135 seat advantage over the Democrats in the House of Representatives, re-elected Joe Cannon as Speaker of the House.[17]
  • The wreck of the Canadian steamer Lunenberg killed 11 of the 17 people aboard, after running aground on the rocks at Cape Breton while trying to travel into Amherst Harbor. Five of the crew took advantage of a chance to be rescued by a fishing boat, while 12 others declined to abandon their ship because there appeared to be little damage. When the group did abandon ship, their lifeboat overturned and only the captain survived.[18]

December 5, 1905 (Tuesday)

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December 6, 1905 (Wednesday)

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December 7, 1905 (Thursday)

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December 8, 1905 (Friday)

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December 9, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • By a vote of 181 to 102, the Senate of France enacted the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State was passed, abrogating the Concordat of 1801 that favored the Roman Catholic Church, and introducing its doctrine of laïcité or secularism.
  • Representatives of Venezuela and Brazil signed protocols to settle their long-time boundary dispute.[3]
  • Georgy Khrustalev-Nosar, the first chairman of the Russian Bolsheviks' Saint Petersburg Soviet, was arrested.[29] 1 The date is sometimes listed as November 26, in that Russia still used the "old style" Julian calendar, 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar used in most of the rest of the world. Leon Trotsky was subsequently chosen for the Bolshevik chapter in the Russian capital, and Khrustalev-Nosar never returned to the leadership.
  • At the request of Walter Camp, representatives from nine colleges met at a conference at the Manhattan Hotel in New York to discuss changes in the rules of football to make the sport safer. The day before, faculty from 13 of 19 colleges invited attended a meeting at the Murray Hill Hotel to give their comments for the Rules Committee to consider.[30]
  • Died:

December 10, 1905 (Sunday)

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December 11, 1905 (Monday)

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  • Inspired by the revolt in Moscow Uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kiev staged a mass uprising, establishing the Shuliavka Republic in the city, and would last until December 16.
  • After getting angry about the prize of sugar sold at the Grand Bazaar in Tehran (now the capital of Iran), the Ottoman governor ordered the public beating of 17 prominent merchants.[32] The operators of the Bazaar closed down the marketplace in protest, and would be a factor in the igniting of the Persian Constitutional Revolution.
  • Born: Gilbert Roland (stage name for Luis Antonio Dámaso de Alonso), Mexican-born film and TV actor Ciudad Juárez (d. 1994)
  • Died: Edward Atkinson, 78, U.S. activist and founder of the American Anti-Imperialist League, known for campaigning against the U.S. annexation of the Philippines

December 12, 1905 (Tuesday)

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December 13, 1905 (Wednesday)

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December 14, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • Russian Army General Vladimir Bekman spared the town of Tukums, in Russian-controlled Latvia, after residents had voluntarily abandoned a nationalist uprising. Departing from the standard Russian Imperial policy of merciless reprisals against secessionists, General Bekman chose not to burn the town to the ground after having had 62 rifles and 45 revolvers surrendered to him, and reported the incident to Tsar Nicholas II. The Tsar wrote in the margin of the report, "This is no reason. The city should have been destroyed."[36]
  • Born: William Schneiderman, Russian-born American Communist who was the subject of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Schneiderman v. United States, later a party in the Supreme Court case of Stack v. Boyle; (d. 1985)
  • Died: General Herman Haupt, 88, Superintendent of the Military Railroad in the U.S. Department of War who guided the prompt repair and guarding of railroad lines, bridges and telegraph communications during the American Civil War. Haupt died while traveling on a train in New Jersey.[37]

December 15, 1905 (Friday)

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December 16, 1905 (Saturday)

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December 17, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • The New York City press took notice of the gradual transformation of the Harlem neighborhood of the city predominantly black area of Manhattan Island, as a result of a victory for the African-American community in a successful fight Philip A. Payton Jr.'s Afro-American Realty Company, and the white-owned Hudson River Realty Company. In April, the Hudson company had purchased three apartment houses on West 135th Street between 5th Avenue and Lenox Avenue and issued eviction notices to the African-American tenants. Payton retaliated the same day by issuing eviction notices to the white tenants in its two buildings on 30 and 32 West 135th Street,[39] By December, Hudson River Realty had been forced to sell the three apartment buildings to Afro-American Realty[40][41] Within the next 20 years, white property owners moved out as some sold their buildings at a loss or boarded them up, rather than to rent or sell to black people and "A negro colony spread from the concentrated area around Payton's original buildings on 134th Street, until it became an onslaught no wall could contain."[42]
  • Born: Simo Häyhä, Finnish military sniper known for his individual killing of over 500 enemy soldiers during the 103-day Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1939 and 1940; in Rautjärvi, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire (d. 2002)
  • Died: James B. Simmons, 78, American Baptist minister who had endowed Abilene Baptist College in Texas after its founding in 1891. The institution was renamed Simmons College in 1892 and, after contributions from Mary and John G. Hardin, has been named Hardin–Simmons University since 1934.

December 18, 1905 (Monday)

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  • English archaeologist Edward R. Ayrton discovered "Tomb KV47", prepared for the Egyptian pharaoh Siptah, 31 centuries the tomb had been closed.[43] Siptah's mummy had been found in 1898 by Victor Loret. Ayton had been excavating the area by having trenches dug at the direction of expedition leader Theodore M. Davis, and on the day of discovery, found the top of a flight of steps that led down to the burial chamber.
  • The Moscow uprising was suppressed by the Russian Army after 11 days. Major General Sergei Sheydeman issued an order the same day against further action, directing that "If armed resistance is provided, then exterminate everyone without arresting anyone." ("Если будет оказано вооружённое сопротивление, то истреблять всех, не арестовывая никого").[44]
  • The only railroad line to serve the small southern African kingdom of Lesotho was opened, connecting the capital city at Maseru to South Africa's Bloemfontein–Bethlehem line.

December 19, 1905 (Tuesday)

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December 20, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • Greece received a new premier as former Prime Minister Georgios Theotokis formed a cabinet of ministers to replace Dimitrios Rallis.[46]
  • Baron Géza Fejérváry, announced his resignation as Prime Minister of Hungary within the Dual Kingdom of Austria-Hungary, along with his entire cabinet. King Ferenc József of Hungary (Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria) refused to accept the resignation.[46]

December 21, 1905 (Thursday)

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December 22, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Representatives of Canada's Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregationalist churches agreed upon a plan of union.
  • Japan and China signed a commercial treaty.
  • Strikes within Russia spread with a walkout of 125,000 workers in Saint Petersburg.[46]
  • Born: Kenneth Rexroth, American poet dubbed by Time magazine as the father of the Beat Generation movement; in South Bend, Indiana (d. 1982)
  • Died: John N. Irwin, 62, former Territorial Governor of Idaho (1883) and of Arizona (1890-1892)

December 23, 1905 (Saturday)

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December 24, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Russian Prime Minister Sergei Witte and his cabinet members published a decree, consistent with Tsar Nicholas II's October Manifesto, providing the guidelines for the Imperial Duma, the first elected parliament in Russia's history.[48] Because Russia still used the Julian calendar, the "old style" date was December 14 and not observed as Christmas Eve in Russia.
  • Born:

December 25, 1905 (Monday)

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  • An experimental college football game was played in Wichita, Kansas between Fairmount College (now Wichita State University) and Washburn College to test a suggested rule change, from three tries to gain of five yards for a first down, to requiring the offensive team to advance the ball 10 yards on three tries. Doubling the distance meant that very few first downs were made and that punts were more frequent, and the final score was 0 to 0.[49][50] The game also saw the first experiment in allowing teams to throw the forward pass, with Fairmount's Bill Davis completing a pass to Art Solter.
  • The American operetta Mlle. Modiste, with music by Victor Herbert and libretto by Henry Blossom, and Miss Fritzi Scheff singing in the title role, was performed on Broadway for the first time, premiering at the Knickerbocker Theatre.[51]

December 26, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • The Imperial Japanese Navy launched the battle cruiser Teukuba, Japan's first armored cruiser to have been constructed entirely without foreign-made parts.[52]

December 27, 1905 (Wednesday)

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December 28, 1905 (Thursday)

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December 29, 1905 (Friday)

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December 30, 1905 (Saturday)

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December 31, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • U.S. explorer Walter Wellman, who had led two failed expeditions (in 1894 and 1898) aimed at trying to be the first person to reach the North Pole, announced a new plan to travel to the still-unconquered Pole by airship.[60] Wellman's employer, the Chicago Record-Herald, provided $250,000 in funding to build a powered airship, the America and to fund the expedition. Wellman's expedition would depart Spitsbergen for the Pole on September 2, 1907, but be turned back by bad weather. A second attempt on August 15, 1909, would fail within hours.
  • Born: Jule Styne, English-born American composer of multiple Broadway musicals, known for melodies to popular songs including "Let It Snow!", "People" and "The Party's Over"; in London (d. 1994)

References

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  1. ^ "Cuban Elections Quiet— Withdrawal of Liberals Left Field Clear for Palma and Moderates", The New York Times, December 2, 1905, p.1
  2. ^ Dieter Nohlen, Elections in the Americas: A data handbook (Nomos, 2005) p. 203
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i The American Monthly Review of Reviews (January 1906) pp. 23-25
  4. ^ "British Governor Besieged— Guiana Police Fire on Strikers at Georgetown— Five Killed", The New York Times, December 2, 1905, p.1
  5. ^ Karen Sirvaitis, Guyana in Pictures (Twenty-First Century Books, 2009) pp. 29–30
  6. ^ "History of UP". University of the Philippines Manila. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022.
  7. ^ Carl F. Young, Eastern Learning and the Heavenly Way: The Tonghak and Chondogyo Movements and the Twilight of Korean Independence (Western University Press) pp.113–121
  8. ^ "18 Killed by Explosion; Second Disaster in a Wyoming Coal Mine— Rescuers Brave Death", The New York Times, December 3, 1905, p.1
  9. ^ "One Killed, Twenty Injured, in Collision of Electric Cars," Los Angeles Herald, December 2, 1905, p.1
  10. ^ "1905: A new working day – December 2, 1905". Hydro. Norsk Hydro ASA. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  11. ^ "The 1905/06 'Originals', RugbyMuseum.co.NZ
  12. ^ "Iron Missile Thrown Into President's Train— Narrowly Missed a Man with a Profile Like Roosevelt's", The New York Times, December 3, 1905, p.1
  13. ^ Leon Trotsky, 1905 goda (1925, reprinted by Random House, 1971) pp. 231-233
  14. ^ "John Bartlett Dead— Compiler of 'Familiar Quotations' Was 75 Years Old", The New York Times, December 4, 1905, p.1
  15. ^ "Balfour Cabinet Out; Liberals to Govern— King Edward Sends for Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman", The New York Times, December 5, 1905, p.1
  16. ^ F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1885–1918 (Macmillan, 1974)
  17. ^ "Congress in Session; Williams Starts Fight— Appeals to Republican 'Congressional Kids' to Upset Rules", The New York Times, December 5, 1905, p.1
  18. ^ "12 Stayed on a Wreck and 11 Were Drowned— Men Who Refused to be Rescued Put Off Too Late", The New York Times, December 6, 1905, p. 5
  19. ^ "Bannerman Accepts British Premiership", The New York Times, December 6, 1905, p. 10
  20. ^ "London Station Roof Drops", The New York Times, December 6, 1905, p. 4
  21. ^ "Senate Eager to Read President's Message", The New York Times, December 6, 1905, p. 4
  22. ^ "Results of the Polls", Ashburton Guardian, December 7, 1905, p. 2
  23. ^ "The first successful full‐thickness corneal transplant: a commentary on Eduard Zirm's landmark paper of 1906", by W. J. Armitage, et al., The British Journal of Ophthalmology (October 2006) pp. 1222–1223
  24. ^ "Concerts", The Standard (London), December 7, 1905, p.9
  25. ^ "Sea Monster Tales", The Museum of UnNatural Mystery
  26. ^ "Senator Mitchell Dead with Appeal Pending— Hemorrhage Following Dentist's Work Kills Oregon Leader", The New York Times, December 9, 1905, p.6
  27. ^ "John Hipple Mitchell (1835-1905)", by Oliver Tatom, Oregon Encyclopedia
  28. ^ "Olivia Floyd Dead; ; Famous Woman Blockade Runner of the Confederacy", The New York Times, December 12, 1905
  29. ^ "Leader of Russia's Workmen Is Arrested— Action of the Government Infuriates the People", The New York Times, December 11, 1905, p.
  30. ^ "Football Rule Changes Satisfying to Critics— Radical Suggestions Answer Many Objections to the Game", The New York Times, December 7, 1905, p. 9
  31. ^ "Nobel Prizes Distributed; Ceremony at Stockholm— Peace Prize to Go to Baroness Sutner", The New York Times, December 11, 1905, p.1
  32. ^ Ahmad Kasravi, History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Tarikh-e Mashrute-ye Iran (Mazda Publishers, 2006) pp. 69-70
  33. ^ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A data handbook (Nomos, 2010) p.1541
  34. ^ Dickson A. Mungazi, The Last British Liberals in Africa: Michael Blundell and Garfield Todd (Greenwood Publishing, 1999) p. 143
  35. ^ "First Provincial General Election (December 13, 1905)", ElectionsSaskatchewan, archived on Archive.org
  36. ^ Victor Sebestyen, Lenin: The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror (Knopf Doubleday Publishing, 2017)
  37. ^ Thomas F. Army Jr., Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016) pp.345-346
  38. ^ "The Comoros: Tropical Cyclones and Financial Assistance", p. 19
  39. ^ "Real Estate Race War Is Started in Harlem— Dispossessed White Men Ask Negroes to be Allowed to Stay— Colored Folks Retaliated", The New York Times, December 17, 1905, p. 12
  40. ^ "Negroes Win Real Estate Fight— Control Block in West 135th-st., Between 5th and Lenox Aves.", New York Tribune, December 17, 1905, p. 9
  41. ^ "Harlem Flats Change Hands Again", The New York Age, December 21, 1905, p. 1
  42. ^ Sharifa Rhodes-Pitts, Harlem is Nowhere: A Journey to the Mecca of Black America (Little, Brown & Co., 2011)
  43. ^ Theodore M. Davis, et al., The Tomb of Siptah, the Monkey Tomb and the Gold Tomb (Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd., 1908, p. 2
  44. ^ M. N. Gernet, History of the Tsar's Prison: Punitive Expeditions in 1905
  45. ^ "Electric self-playing violin", Google Patents
  46. ^ a b c d The American Monthly Review of Reviews (February 1906) pp. 153-156
  47. ^ Kramolnikov, G. (1931). "Bolshevikkien konferenssi Tampereella v. 1905". Bolshevikkien toiminta Suomessa ja Viaporin kapina (in Finnish). Leningrad: Valtion kustannusliike Kirja. pp. 103–113.
  48. ^ Donald Treadgold, Twentieth Century Russia (Westview Press, 2000)
  49. ^ "Ten Yard Rule a Failure", The New York Times, December 26, 1905
  50. ^ "New Football Rules Tested", Los Angeles Times, December 26, 1905
  51. ^ "'Mlle. Modiste' a New York Hit— Fritzi Scheff Scores Success in New Blossom-Herbert Play", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 26, 1905, p.3
  52. ^ "For Japan's New Navy", The Brooklyn Citizen, December 27, 1905, p. 6
  53. ^ Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski: Monografia historyczna miasta (1997) pp. 133-136
  54. ^ "Obituary: Louis Dalrymple", New York Tribune, December 29, 1905. p. 16
  55. ^ "Football Convention Wants One Rule Code— Sweeping Action by College Conference at Murray Hill Hotel After Stormy Session", The New York Times, December 30, 1905, p. 2
  56. ^ a b NCAA History, NCAA.org
  57. ^ "More Serious. Santo Domingo Revolt is So Growing; Caceres Will Take Presidential Office— Now on the Way", Boston Globe, December 30, 1905, p. 2
  58. ^ "Charles T. Yerkes Dead; Wife with Him at End", The New York Times, December 30, 1905, p. 4
  59. ^ "Ex-Governor Killed by Dynamite Bomb— Frank Steunenberg of Idaho Victim of an Assassin", The New York Times, December 31, 1905, p. 1
  60. ^ "North Pole by Airship, Wellman as Skipper", The New York Times, December 31, 1905, p. 1